Comparative Performance of Some Insecticides and Botanicals against Chilli Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)

: The study was carried out in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from February to June 2007 to determine the comparative efficacy of some chemical insecticides and botanicals against chilli fruit borer. The experiment comprised with twelve treatments and among them first six (T1-T6) were the application of insecticide and others (T7-T11) were botanicals. Treatments were T1: Sumicidin @ 6.0 ml/2 litre of water at 7 days interval; T2: Malathion @ 6.0 ml/2 litre of water at 7 days interval; T3: Ripcord @ 3.0 ml/2 litre of water at 7 days interval; T4: Marshal @ 6.0 ml/2 litre of water at 7 days interval; T5: Diazinon @ 6.0 ml/2 litre of water at 7 days interval; T6: Suntaf @ 2.5 ml/2 litre of water at 7 days interval; T7: Allamanda leaf extract @ 0.5 kg/2 litre of water at 7 days interval; T8: Neem leaf extract @ 0.5 kg/2 litre of water at 7 days interval; T9: Garlic clove extract @ 0.5 kg/2 litre of water at 7 days interval; T10: Ginger rhizome extract @ 0.5 kg/2 litre of water at 7 days interval; T11: Onion bulb extract @ 0.5 kg/2 litre of water at 7 days interval; T12: Untreated control. In total cropping season the lowest percentage of fruit infestation by number (5.72%) was recorded from the treatment T4 which was statistically similar (6.22%) with the treatment T8 and the highest (24.90%) was recorded from untreated control treatment which was closely followed (17.39%) by the treatment T5 and T11 (16.48%) and T10 (15.37%) respectively. Fruit infestation reduction over control by number estimated as the highest value (77.03%) was recorded from the treatment T4, while the lowest (30.16%) was recorded from T5 treatment. Fruit infestation reduction over control by weight was estimated and the highest value was (63.35%), recorded from the treatment T4, while the lowest (22.84%) reduction of fruit infestation over control was from the treatment T5. Highest weight of fruit yield (30.60 t/ha) was recorded from the treatment T4 and the lowest yield (24.48 t/ha) of fruit was recorded from untreated control treatment. Among different treatments as whole botanicals (T7-T11) were more effective than those of the chemicals insecticides (T1-T6)

Comparable Efficacy of Some IPM Packages on the Suppression of Pod Borer (Euchrysops cnejus) in Yard Long Bean

A study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of some IPM tools for the suppression of pod borer (Euchrysops cnejus) attacking yard long bean. The experiment was conducted at She-e-Bangla agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar Dhaka, during March to September 2007 & comprised of nine treatments. Those were T1: Mechanical control   (hand picking of larvae) at 7 days interval; T2: Neem oil @ 5ml/ L of water at 7 days interval; T3 : Neem oil @ 5 ml /L of water + Mechanical control at 7 days interval; T4 : Suntap 50 SP@ 3 g /L of  water at7 days interval; T5 : suntap 50 SP @ 3 g /L of water +Mechanical control at 7days interval; T6 : Shobicron 425 EC @ 2 ml / L of water at 7 days inrterval ; T7: Shobicron 425 EC @ 2 ml /L of water +Mechanical control at 7 days interval; T8: Neem seed kernel @ 10 g /L of water + Mechanical control at 7 days interval & T9: Untreated control. Data recorded on infestation level, yield contributing characters & yield of yard long bean revealed that performance of treatment T3 (Neem oil @ 5 ml /L of water + Mechanical control at 7 days interval) was superior throughout the season as compared to others; the lowest performance in the control treatment (T9). The highest healthy pods by number (59.80) & by weight (993.87 g), similarly the lowest infestation per plant by number (7.06 %) & by weight (72.62 g) was recorded in T3 treatment. The highest healthy pod length (54.20 cm) the height length of edible portion (48.64 cm) of partially infested pod, the highest yield (22.15 ton /ha) was recorded in the T3 treatment; while the lowest healthy pod length (44.60 cm), lowest edible portion (30.11cm) of partially infested pod and the lowest yield (14.74 ton / ha) was recorded in the control treatment (T9). The highest benefit cost ratio (3.53) was recorded in the T3 treatment while the lowest benefit cost ratio (1.23) in T8 treatment

The development of a flood damage assessment tool for urban areas

The Collaborative Research on Flood Resilience in Urban Areas (CORFU) project is funded by the European Commission to investigate the impact of flooding in cities and to develop strategies to enhance flood resilience. The project explores the impact of key drivers including urbanisation, socio-economic trends and climate change in eight European and Asian cities. The development of resilience strategies relies on a comprehensive assessment of flood impacts. These impacts can be categorised as tangible (those that can be measured in monetary terms) or intangible (such as health impacts that can be difficult to quantify. Flood hazard information (depth, extent, velocity, etc.) for different scenarios, obtained from hydraulic models, along with data on land use or cover, building features, infrastructure, and demographics are applied to determine these impacts. The nature and scale of the damage, the availability of required information, and the characteristics of case studies are taken into account to develop a generic and flexible flood damage assessment model that can be broadly applied to European and Asian cities. In this paper, Dhaka city is adopted to demonstrate the direct tangible damage assessment tool

Robusna procedura za umetanje vodenog žiga u sliku zasnovana na Hermitovoj projekcijskoj metodi

A procedure for combined image watermarking and compression, based on the Hermite projection method is proposed. The Hermite coefficients obtained by using the Hermite expansion are used for watermark embedding. The image can be efficiently reconstructed by using a set of Hermite coefficients that is quite smaller than the number of original ones. Hence, the watermark embedding is actually done in the compressed domain, while maintaining still high image quality (measured by high PSNR). The efficiency of the proposed procedure is proven experimentally, showing high robustness even for very strong standard attacks. Moreover, the method is robust not only to the standard attacks, but to the geometrical attacks, as well. The proposed approach can be suitable for different copyright and ownership protection purposes, especially in real-applications that require image compression, such as multimedia and Internet applications, remote sensing and satellite imaging.U radu je predložena procedura za umetanje vodenog žiga u sliku i kompresiju slike zasnovana na Hermitovoj projekcijskoj metodi. Odgovarajući koeficijenti, dobiveni kao rezultat primjene razvoja slike u red Hermitovih funkcija, korišteni su za umetanje vodenog žiga watermark). S obzirom na to da se slika može efikasno rekonstruirati korištenjem znatno manjeg broja Hermitovih koeficijenata u odnosu na broj originalnih koeficijenata slike, umetanje vodenog žiga zapravo je provedeno u domeni kompresije, uz očuvanje visoke kvalitete slike (velika vrijednost PSNR). Učinkovitost predložene procedure ispitana je eksperimentalno i pokazuje značajnu otpornost na uobičajene napade. Osim uobičajenih, procedura pokazuje robusnost i na geometrijske napade. Predloženi pristup može biti korišten u različitim aplikacijama za zaštitu autorskih prava, naročito u aplikacijama koje ujedno zahtijevaju i kompresiju slike, kao što su multimedijske i internetske aplikacije, daljinsko očitavanje podataka i satelitska snimanja

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

BACKGROUND: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. METHODS: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01–4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0–116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3–48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1–45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60–3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8–54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36–1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5–41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6–28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8–25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9–42·8] and 33·3% [25·8–42·0]). INTERPRETATION: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden

MARKETED SURPLUS OF PADDY AT THE FARM LEVEL IN BANGLADESH: AN ANALYSIS BY CAUSAL VARIABLES OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

Two basic factors-paddy production and rice consumption-determining marketed surplus of paddy were analysed in terms of their causal variables using data collected from three categories of farmers randomly selected from different parts of Bangladesh. The causal variables considered were paddy area and yield as determinants of paddy production; farm size and intensity of paddy cultivation as determinants of paddy area; resource endowment, tenurial status and HYV technology as determinants of paddy yield; family size measured in adult male equivalent unit as determinant of rice consumption. Land being limited in the country, yield expansion measures are particularly suggested for increasing production and marketed surplus of paddy. Family planning measures are also expected to contribute to the increase in marketed surplus

Characteristics of multi drug resistant tuberculosis cases at a selected tertiary level hospital

Background: This study was carried out to determine the characteristics of MDR-TB cases under treatment at National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital (NIDCH), Mohakhali, Dhaka. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study among 442 diagnosed MDR-TB patients admitted in NIDCH of which 303 MDR-TB patients were included as respondents. The respondents were selected purposively and they were interviewed with duly pre-tested research instruments. Results: Among the study populations (303), all were resistant to H & R and 149 (57.7%) consumed standard drugs regimen contained H, R, E & S. In addition the factors related to develop MDR-TB mostly as non-compliance, overcrowding and exposure to MDR-TB were 190 (73.7%), 261 (86.1%) and 81 (26,7%) respectively. In this study, time interval between completed anti-TB treatment and diagnosis of MDR-TB found 01 to 06 years among 55.4% respondents. Moreover tools used for diagnosis of MDR-TB were found in 258 (85.1%) as smear for AFB, Gene expert tests and Culture. Age group 16 to 30 yrs 184 (60.7%), income group 10001 to 20000 taka per month 143 (47.2%), educational qualification class VI-X 72 (23.8%) and urban population 180 (59.4%) were affected more. The association between type of house, crowding status and occurrence of MDR-TB were found statistically significant (p<0.05) but source of drugs, compliance of treatment, availability of drugs and occurrence of MDR-TB shown statistically highly significant, (p<.001). Correlation with age, family income and time gap of diagnosis MDR-TB was statistically significant (p<0.05). Principal. Conclusion: Study findings demands establishment of standard diagnostics procedures/laboratories at all secondary and tertiary care hospitals and TB clinics in the country in support of uniformity of intervention therapy

MUKTA PADDY MARKETING PROJECT: AN EVALUATION

This paper attempts to analyse various aspects of Mukta paddy marketing project as a pioneering cooperative marketing venture and evaluate its performance. Inspite of much potentiality the project seems to have failed to provide benefits to the farmers as expected. The farmers' participation also has not been encouraging. To improve the performance of the project a number of measures have been recommended

On the Roles of Interatomic Interactions and Coordination Numbers on Einstein Temperatures of 3D Transition Metals

We have investigated the roles of the coordination numbers and interatomic interactions on Einstien temperatures 0e for a number of bee 3d transition metals. We have employed a few of the popular transition metal pseudopotentials in the Calculations aiming at a comparative survey of the roles of these pseudopotentials on the Einstein temperature; the role of the neighboring atoms on the latter emerges as a by-product of the calculations